week14-函数.ipynb · liulinan/python-feinan

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week14-函数.ipynb 13.94 KB

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "-------------\n",
    "* 日期：2022.11.23\n",
    "* 课程：python\n",
    "* 记录人：刘黎南\n",
    "------------"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%% md\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# 本周学习内容\n",
    "## 1.函数\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%% md\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def greet_user():\n",
    "    \"\"\"用户问候语\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"hello world~\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello world~\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "greet_user()"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def greet_user(username):\n",
    "    \"\"\"用户问候语\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"hello\",username)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello linan\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "greet_user(username=\"linan\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def f(x):\n",
    "    \"\"\"y=2x的函数计算\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(2*x)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "16\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(8)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 实践 编程思维（计算思维）下，函数的应用\n",
    "def nfu_news_url(类别,page):\n",
    "    for page in range(page):\n",
    "        print(\"https://www.nfu.edu.cn/\" + 类别 + \"/index\" + str(page) + \".htm\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index0.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index1.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index2.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index3.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index4.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index5.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index6.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index7.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index8.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index9.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index10.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index11.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index12.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index13.htm\n",
      "https://www.nfu.edu.cn/tzgg/index14.htm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nfu_news_url(\"tzgg\",15)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# 2.如何使用函数（传递实参）\n",
    ">1.positional argument(位置参数)\n",
    ">2.keyword agrument(关键字参数)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%% md\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 通过案例来思考：位置参数 VS 关键字参数\n",
    "def f(x,y):\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    print(y)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "positional argument follows keyword argument (3059410298.py, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;36m  Input \u001B[1;32mIn [14]\u001B[1;36m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;33m    f(x=3,1)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;37m           ^\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;31mSyntaxError\u001B[0m\u001B[1;31m:\u001B[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(x=3,1)  # 报错：位置参数位于关键字参数后面是错误的（位置参数要考虑顺序的，位置参数必须位于关键字参数前面）"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(3,1)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(x=3,y=1)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(3,y=1)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def f(x,y,z):\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    print(y)\n",
    "    print(z)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "2\n",
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(3,2,5) # 根据上面的经验，这个应该是位置参数吧（领悟）"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "10\n",
      "7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(y=10,x=3,z=7) # 这个应该是关键字参数（领悟），关键字参数考虑顺序吗？（不考虑顺序）"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "9\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(3,z=10,y=9) #??会是怎样的"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "10\n",
      "8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(3,y=10,z=8) #??会是怎样的"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "positional argument follows keyword argument (2730987572.py, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;36m  Input \u001B[1;32mIn [24]\u001B[1;36m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;33m    f(3,y=10,9) #??会是怎样的\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;37m              ^\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;31mSyntaxError\u001B[0m\u001B[1;31m:\u001B[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f(3,y=10,9) #??会是怎样的 报错了，所以位置参数是要考虑顺序的"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    ">3.默认参数"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%% md\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "I have a hamster.\n",
      "Myhamster's name is Harry.\n",
      "\n",
      "I have a cat.\n",
      "Mycat's name is Python.\n",
      "\n",
      "I have a dog.\n",
      "Mydog's name is Jerry.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def describe_pet(pet_name,animal_type=\"dog\"):\n",
    "    \"\"\"显示宠物信息，如果您的宠物是dog，可以选择不填写animal_type\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"\\nI have a \" + animal_type + \".\")\n",
    "    print(\"My\" + animal_type + \"'s name is \" + pet_name.title() + \".\")\n",
    "describe_pet('harry','hamster')\n",
    "describe_pet('python','cat')\n",
    "describe_pet('jerry')"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "I have a dog.\n",
      "Mydog's name is Jerry.\n",
      "None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(describe_pet('jerry'))"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello|||||world|||||你好|||||世界\n",
      "hello world 你好 世界\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"hello\",\"world\",\"你好\",\"世界\",sep='|||||')\n",
    "print(\"hello\",\"world\",\"你好\",\"世界\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on built-in function print in module builtins:\n",
      "\n",
      "print(...)\n",
      "    print(value, ..., sep=' ', end='\\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)\n",
      "    \n",
      "    Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.\n",
      "    Optional keyword arguments:\n",
      "    file:  a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.\n",
      "    sep:   string inserted between values, default a space.\n",
      "    end:   string appended after the last value, default a newline.\n",
      "    flush: whether to forcibly flush the stream.\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "help(print)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on function describe_pet in module __main__:\n",
      "\n",
      "describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog')\n",
      "    显示宠物信息，如果您的宠物是dog，可以选择不填写animal_type\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "help(describe_pet)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# 3.函数的返回值\n",
    ">1.几乎所有的编程语言，函数是要求必须要写返回值！\n",
    "> 2. python作为高级语言，可以不写返回值，但是一般情况下，也是要写的，不写的话，默认返回none\n",
    "> 3. 函数的返回值：return\n",
    ">>3.1.return可以返回过程运算的结果\n",
    ">> 3.2. return 可以返回过程自定义结果（由程序开发人员/设计人员定制的）"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%% md\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# 4. 函数的优势\n",
    "* 1.可重复利用\n",
    "* 2.具有强大的可扩展性\n",
    "* 3.具有可定制化性"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%% md\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def f(x):\n",
    "    y = x+2\n",
    "    return y"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "result = f(5)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "7"
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "result"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  }
 ],
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提交于 2022-11-27 17:24 . 14周内容（函数）

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