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README
LGPL-3.0

输入图片说明# ModbusMaster   Modbus是一种常见的工业系统通讯协议。在我们的设计开发工作中经常使用到它。在这一篇中我们将简单实现一个基于QT的Modbus RTU主站上位工具。

1、概述

  Modbus RTU主站应用很常见,有一些是通用的,有一些是专用的。而这里我们希望实现一个主要针对我们的产品调试的Modbus RTU主站工具。 在开始软件设计之前,我们先来简略地分析一下,实现这样一个Modbus RTU主站工具包含的主要内容有哪些。我们认为软件需要如下几个方面的内容:

(1)、串口参数的配置

  Modbus RTU通过串口来实现通讯,所以我们需要对串口相关的参数进行配置。对串口的配置主要是串口名、波特率、校验位、数据位和停止位等。对于这些参数我们让使用着可以根据需要选择。   而串口号,我们希望软件可以自动搜索当前可用的串口列表。而且我们可以通过操作更新可用的串口列表。对串口的操作主要是串口的打开与关闭。

(2)、从站信息的配置

  我们实现Modbus RTU主站应用就是访问从站的数据,所以我们需要在主站应用中配置从站的信息。主要有站地址、数据类型、数据格式等,我们将其设置为可以选择。   读取从站的参数配置,主要是起始地址、读取的数量。写从站参数的配置,主要是起始地址、写入的数量以及写入的数值。

(3)、对从站的操作

  Modbus RTU主站对从站的操作无非是读从站数据和写从站数据,我们通过制定读写的寄存器类型、起始地址、数量等通过按钮操作来实现读写命令的发送。   除了手动操作读写外,很多时候我们可能需要Modbus RTU主站自动周期性的读取从站的数据。所以我们让其可以选择以多长的周期自动循环读取。

(4)、对信息的显示

  接收信息的显示,作为一款工具软件, 我们当然希望看到我们发给从站的命令究竟有没有成功,最简单的和直观的办法就是将接收到的信息显示出来。对于Modbus RTU主站当然是显示对应的地址的值。   同样的,我们有时候想要看到发送和接收到的原始报文,所以我们对发送和接收到的报文也作相应的显示。   对于个别数据有时候我们还希望看到他的变化趋势,所以我们可以添加一个图形显示,用以显示我们制定的数据的变化趋势。   运行状态的显示, 我们希望对操作的状态进行反馈以指示操作的动作是否执行,所以我们需要状态栏来实现这一需求。

2、界面设计

  根据上一节中分析的需求,我们先来设计软件的界面。我们在QT中基于QMainWindow类生成一个操作界面,包括菜单栏、工具栏和状态栏以满足需求中对状态显示及操作命令的要求。   而在中间显示区域,我们将其划分为2列。在左边的一列从上到下设置:串口配置操作区域和读写从站的交互配置区域。在右侧的一列从上到下设置:动态曲线显示区域、收发消息显示区域以及直接输入报文发送命令的输入区域。具体的界面设置如下图所示: 输入图片说明   完成如上图的布局后,我们可以选择在属性中配置控件的参数,也可以在代码中添加相关的参数。在这里在代码中通过初始化形式完成参数的设置。完成整个布局后我们先试着运行程序,正常运行则出现如下的界面: 输入图片说明   上图就是完成布局后的运行界面,不过我们还没有实现相应的编码,所以目前尚不能实现我们第一节中所预想的功能。

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一个基于QT实现的Modbus RTU主站应用工具。 展开 收起
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